![]() Zhu H, Jia Z, Chen Y, Weadock N, Wan J, Vaaland O et al (2013) Tin anode for sodium-ion batteries using natural wood fiber as a mechanical buffer and electrolyte reservoir. Wang J, Liu J-L, Wang Y-G, Wang C-X, Xia Y-Y (2012) Pitch modified hard carbons as negative materials for lithium-ion batteries. Carbon 34:193–200ĭahn JR, Xing W, Gao Y (1997) The “falling cards model” for the structure of microporous carbons. Liu Y, Xue JS, Zheng T, Dahn JR (1996) Mechanism of lithium insertion in hard carbons prepared by pyrolysis of epoxy resins. Slater MD, Kim D, Lee E, Johnson CS (2013) Sodium-Ion batteries. Nano Energy 19:279–288īommier C, Leonard D, Jian ZL, Stickle WF, Greaney PA, Ji XL (2016) New paradigms on the nature of solid electrolyte interphase formation and capacity fading of hard carbon anodes in Na-Ion batteries. Xiao L, Cao Y, Henderson WA, Sushko ML, Shao Y, Xiao J et al (2016) Hard carbon nanoparticles as high-capacity, high-stability anodic materials for Na-ion batteries. Yu ZL, Xin S, You Y, Yu L, Lin Y, Xu DW et al (2016) Ion-catalyzed synthesis of microporous hard carbon embedded with expanded nanographite for enhanced lithium/sodium storage. Electrochim Acta 55:3330–3335ĭokko K, Nakata N, Suzuki Y, Kanamura K (2010) High-rate lithium deintercalation from lithiated graphite single-particle electrode. Sivakkumar SR, Nerkar JY, Pandolfo AG (2010) Rate capability of graphite materials as negative electrodes in lithium-ion capacitors. Gallego NC, Contescu CI, Meyer HM, Howe JY, Meisner RA, Payzant EA et al (2014) Advanced surface and microstructural characterization of natural graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries. These encouraging results indicate an accessible solution to solve problems related to low ICEs of hard carbons. Moreover, the prelithiated HCG paring with a commercial high-capacity cathode, LiNi 0.5Co 0.2Mn 0.3O 2 (NMC), enables the full-cell a comparable galvanostatic capacity and rate capability to NMC half-cell (vs. The surface characterization of prelithiated and presodiated HCG confirms that generated solid electrolyte interface layers have almost identical compositions as those formed during the conventional electrochemical charge–discharge cycles. Besides, a similar presodiation process is employed to demonstrate the versatility of this strategy. Importantly, the accurate amount of lithium preloaded into HCG is determined by an atomic adsorption spectrum method. The ICE can reach a desirable level by easily tuning the prelithiation time. Here we develop a facile prelithiation scheme for hard carbon/graphene (HCG) anodes based on a spontaneous electrochemical reaction with lithium metal foils. Nevertheless, they suffer a low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) problem which prohibits their broad practical application. Recently, hard carbons have been extensively studied as anode materials for high-energy rechargeable batteries owing to their low costs, potential high capacities and talented rate capability. ![]()
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